Bone Health-Is There a Hole In Your Bucket?

Boise ChiropractorWe have probably all heard the typical advice that is given over and over again regarding bone health and the various nutrients and minerals that our bones need in order to be healthy.  We have probably all seen the commercials out there for all the different multivitamins promising to contain the right amounts of calcium and vitamin D to help fortify our bones.  We have also probably even seen our good friend Sally Fields a few years back selling us on the wonders of Boniva or Fosamax, I don’t remember which one at the moment.

But the question I pose is this: Why do we still have such incredibly high rates of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia in our country?  Here is a stat from the International Osteoporosis Foundation that should be a bit alarming to anyone reading this

“1 in 3 women over 50 will experience osteoporotic fractures, as will 1 in 5 men”

Why such high rates?  Is it because we aren’t getting enough Calcium?  Is it because we aren’t getting enough Vitamin D?  Well, it sure seems like everything we touch these days is double fortified with these vitamins and minerals.  As Americans we eat more than our fair share of dairy, which we are continually told is one of the “keys” to preventing depletion of our bone density.  We even take the various prescription drugs that promise to reverse bone loss.

The question shouldn’t be “how much are we taking in?” but instead should be “How much are we pushing out?”

You see, one of the biggest problems that we have had as a nation in our battle against bone depletion has been much like someone trying to fill a bucket full of water while ignoring the fact that there is a gaping hole at the bottom of the bucket.  It doesn’t matter how much or how fast you fill it, if there is a hole in the bucket dear Liza (sorry, couldn’t resist), you will never keep that bucket full.

Our typical western diet is a highly acidic diet.  Our body is designed to keep a very strict, specific PH balance.  When we eat highly acidic foods our body’s natural response is to neutralize the acid thus bringing our PH back into its proper balance.  The way our body does this is through releasing various alkaline minerals such as Calcium.  Unfortunately the quickest and most common way our body will get these minerals is from the most readily available source…Our bones!  So, in essence what happens when we our diet is highly acidic by drinking carbonated soda, eating a high amount of animal products such as meat and dairy or other highly acidic foods, our body responds by literally stripping Calcium out of our bones to help combat the high acid levels.  The net result is that we excrete a lot of calcium and other minerals critical for proper bone density right out of our body.

“The solution:  stop trying to fill a bucket with a hole in it!  For crying out loud!”

We can take all the calcium chews we want and eat all the Vitamin D  fortified Captain Crunch we want but that doesn’t address the fact that if we are eating a highly acidic diet, we are literally flushing all those vitamins and minerals down the toilet.  Stop trying to pump our bodies with all these things without first addressing the holes in our diet!


This Probably Has Nothing to Do with Our Current State of Health Here in America

I saw this video today and just had to post it.  It’s a pretty chilling indictment regarding our current state of health as a whole here in our country.  Notice the good old deep fried south at the end of the video.


The Difference in Effectiveness of Medical vs. Chiropractic In The Treatment of Acute and Chronic Back Pain

Boise ChiropractorHave you ever considered who is the best suited to treat back pain?  Since there are so many treatment options available today, it is quite challenging to make this decision without a little help.

To facilitate, a study looking at this very question compared the effectiveness between medical and chiropractic intervention.  Over a 4-year time frame, 2780 patients were followed with questionnaires. Low Back Pain patients were treated using conventional approaches by both MDs (Medical Doctors) and DCs (Doctors of Chiropractic).

Chiropractic treatments included spinal manipulation, physical therapy, an exercise plan, and self-care education.  Medical therapies included prescription drugs, an exercise plan, self-care advice and about 25% of the patients received physical therapy.

The study focused on present pain severity and functional disability (activity interference) measured by questionnaires mailed to the patients. It was reported that chiropractic was favored over medical treatment in the following areas:

  • Pain relief in the first 12 months (more evident in the chronic patients)
  • When LBP pain radiated below the knee (more evident in the chronic patients)
  • Chronic LBP patients with no leg pain (during the first 3 months)

Similar trends favoring chiropractic were seen for disability but were of smaller magnitude.  All patient groups saw significant improvement in both pain and disability over the four year study period.

Acute patients saw the greatest degree of improvement with many achieving symptom relief after 3 months of care.

This study also found early intervention reduced chronic pain and, at year 3, those acute LBP patients who received early intervention reported fewer days of LBP than those who waited longer for treatment.

While both MDs and DCs treatment approaches helped, it’s quite clear from the information reported that chiropractic should be utilized first.

These findings support the importance of early intervention by chiropractic physicians and make the most sense for those of you struggling with the question of who to see for your LBP.

If you or someone you know suffers from low back pain, contact your Boise Chiropractor or Meridian Chiropractor today!


Carpal Tunnel Syndrome-What Does Research Show?

Boise ChiropractorSo often we hear, “…well if it’s so good, show me the proof!”  Chiropractic case management of CTS has been well established for many years.  And yet, we still hear skepticism from patients, MD’s, insurers, employers, and others about the benefits of chiropractic management of CTS.  If we can, “show them the data” regarding the effectiveness of chiropractic for CTS patients, we will finally be able to help more people with this potentially disabling condition.

So, let’s take a look at the evidence that supports the benefits of chiropractic for CTS:

1) Davis PT, Hulbert JR, Kassak KM, et al. “Comparative efficacy of conservative medical and chiropractic treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized clinical trial”

J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 21.5 (June 1997): 317-326.

The most important finding reported in this 91 patient study was that chiropractic treatment was equally effective in reducing CTS symptoms as medical treatment.  The chiropractic care included ultrasound, nighttime wrist supports and manipulation of the wrist, arm and spine.  Medical care included ibuprofen (800 mg, 3x/day for 1 wk, 800 mg, 2x’day for 1 wk, &  800 mg as needed for 7 wks) plus a night wrist splint.  Both groups did equally well but given the side-effect potential of ibuprofen on the stomach, liver, and kidneys, a strong argument for the non-drug, chiropractic approach can be made.

2)  Bonebrake AR, Fernandez JE, Marley RJ et al. “A treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome: evaluation of objective and subjective measures” J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 13.9 (Nov-Dec 1990): 507-520

CTS sufferers (n=38) received chiropractic spinal manipulation and extremity adjusting.  Also,   soft tissue therapy, dietary modifications or supplements (B6) and daily exercises were prescribed. After treatment, results showed improvement in all strength and range of motion measures.  Also, a significant reduction in pain and distress ratings was reported.

3) Mariano KA, McDougle MA, Tanksley GW “Double crush syndrome: chiropractic care of an entrapment neuropathy” J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 14.4 (May 1991):262-5

In 1973, Upton and McComas first proposed the presence of the “double crush syndrome.” Their hypothesis was that when a nerve is pinched anywhere along its route, it makes the rest of the nerve more sensitive to otherwise “normal” stimulation. A case report of a man with both cervical radiculopathy and carpal tunnel syndrome, i.e., “double crush syndrome” was presented. Chiropractic management consisted of chiropractic manipulative therapy as well as ultrasound, electrical nerve stimulation, traction and a wrist splint. The experimental basis, clinical evidence, etiology, symptomatology and findings of this condition are discussed.  The Double Crush Syndrome helps explain why cervical/neck manipulation helps many CTS patients.

If you or someone you know suffers from carpal tunnel syndrome, contact your Boise Chiropractor or Meridian Chiropractor today to set up a free consultation.


WARNING: Be Extremely Cautious of Sharks!

Since my blog is focused on health and wellness for the general public I thought now was as good a time as any to issue a warning on the dangers of sharks.  Sharks present a very serious health risk in that they have extremely sharp teeth (multiple rows by the way) and can easily bite through human flesh and bones.  These shark bites can lead to serious complications such as loss of limbs and even death.  In particular, Great White Sharks can be extremely dangerous.  Have you seen how big these things can get???  Oh, by the way did I mention that you are statistically almost as likely to die from a ride at an amusement park as you are from being eaten by a shark?  The reality of it is that although sharks can and do (rarely) eat people, the statistical likelihood is sooooooo small that people still swim in the ocean, still surf, and yes plenty even choose to swim with sharks!

Why in the heck am I even bringing this up?  Well, I got to thinking this morning about how often so many health care “professionals” out there fail to use any real sense of perspective when viewing the various conservative treatment options that much of the public are more and more turning to these days.  For instance, we hear so often the various alleged dangers that natural dietary supplements can cause and the lack of any real regulation in this arena.

True it is that some dietary supplements can in fact be dangerous, we need to make a clear distinction between things like vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and natural enzymes etc. and various other natural dietary supplements out there such as various herbal supplements.  If we are talking about the first category, people need to be aware that the likelihood of any real health risks is extremely rare.  So rare in fact that you are probably more likely to die from a shark attack!  Just look up the statistics for yourself sometime, seriously, Google the terms “vitamin and mineral overdose statistics” or something similar and then Google “shark attack statistics”.

Being a Chiropractor, the other area where I see a lot of this fear mongering comes from many in the health care profession speaking out about the “dangers” of chiropractic care.  I have patients all the time wanting to know about the risks of chiropractic care.  I know I have probably written about this subject here on the blog several times already, but I obviously feel strongly enough about this subject that I feel warranted in beating the proverbial dead horse a bit more.  Again, if you seriously want to know the real risks associated with chiropractic care just do a little research for yourself.  If you really do a careful study of the subject, excluding such “sophisticated” and “authoritative” sites such as Quackwatch.com (I mean seriously, are you kidding me?) you will find more than enough legitimate scientific research to not only support the effectiveness of chiropractic care, but the safety as well.

I guess in the end what I am calling for in this article is just a pinch of common sense here people.  I think Dr. Alex Vasquez (who is brilliant by the way, one of the smartest physicians of our time, no joke) put it best when he said this:

“Despite the long-standing historical precedent in which human disease was treated by natural means (ie, diet modification, botanical medicines, physical modalities) for the majority of human existence, the current healthcare paradigm in America and other Western/industrialized nations is such that treatment with drugs and surgery is labeled “conventional” while natural treatment as with nutritional, botanical, and physical interventions is now described “alternative” and “unconventional.” This unfortunate inversion of terms causes confusion among doctors and patients alike while it connotes scientific superiority and cultural sanctification of pharmaceutical and surgical interventions, including those that are dangerous, ineffective, and unduly expensive.”

Well put Dr. Vasquez!  The next time you hear cautionary tales about vitamins, minerals and other proven natural and conservative treatment options, just remember that sharks kill people too….I hate the term alternative medicine, it drives me crazy!


Chiropractic vs. Medicine For Treatment of Headaches

Boise ChiropractorHave you ever stopped and wondered, “…which type of doctor should I go to for treatment of my headaches?”  In order to make an informed decision, it is appropriate to look at the side effects each treatment option carries and then consider the pros and cons of each treatment.

It has been reported that 45 million Americans suffer from headaches, many on a daily basis. Though some just put up with the pain, others become totally disabled during the headache. Most people initially turn to an over the counter drug such as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of which there are 3 types: 1) salicylates, such as aspirin; 2) traditional NSAIDs, such as Advil (ibuprofen), Aleve (naproxen); and, 3) COX-2 selective inhibitors, such as Celebrex.

According to the medical review board of About.com, complications of NSAID drugs include stomach irritation (gastritis, ulcer), bleeding tendencies, kidney failure, and liver dysfunction. Some NSAIDs (particularly indomethacin) can interfere with other medications used to control high blood pressure and cardiac failure and long term use of NSAIDs may actually hasten joint cartilage loss, leading to premature arthritis. Another over the counter commonly used drug is Tylenol (Acetaminophen) in which liver toxicity can be a potential side effect (particularly with long term use).

Here’s the kicker – only about 60% of patients respond to a 3 week trial of an NSAID, NSAIDs can mask signs and symptoms of infection, it cannot be predicted which NSAID will work best, and no single NSAID has been proven to be superior over others for pain relief. Moreover, estimates of death associated with NSAID (mostly gastrointestinal causes) range between 3200 on the low side to higher than 16,500 deaths per year in the United States. Another BIG concern is that low daily doses of aspirin, “…clearly have the potential to cause GI injury as 10mg of aspirin daily causes gastric ulcers.”

Others may turn to prescription medication for hopeful pain relief. One of the more frequently prescribed medications for headaches is amitriptyline (commonly known as Elavil, Endep, or Amitrol).  This is actually an antidepressant but was found to work quite well for some headache sufferers. The potential side effects include blurred vision, change in sexual desire or ability, constipation or diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, headache (ironically), appetite loss, nausea, tiredness, trouble sleeping, tremors and weakness. Allergic reactions such as rash, hives, itching, difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, swelling of the mouth, face, lips or tongue, chest pain, rapid and/or irregular heart rate, confusion, delusions, suicidal thoughts or actions AND MORE are reported.

The pros and cons of chiropractic include a report on children under 3 years of age, where only one reaction for every 749 adjustments (manipulations) occurred (it was crying, NO serious side effects were reported). In adults, transient soreness may occur. Though stroke has been reported as a cause of headache, it was concluded that stroke “…is a very rare event…”, and that, “…we found no evidence of excess risk of VBA stroke associated chiropractic care compared to primary care.” Another convincing study reported that chiropractic was 57% more effective than drug therapy in reducing headache and migraine pain!  They concluded – chiropractic first, drugs second and surgery last.

If you or a loved one suffers from headaches, contact your Boise Chiropractor or Meridian Chiropractor today!


Neck Pain-Can Chiropractic Really Help?

 Boise Chiropractor Dr. Chad Woolner discusses how chiropractic care can help with neck pain.

Boise ChiropractorNeck pain is a very common problem affecting up to 70% of the adult population at some point in life.  Though there are specific causes of neck pain such as arising from a sports injury, a car accident or “sleeping crooked,” the vast majority of the time, no direct cause can be identified and thus the term nonspecific is applied. There are many symptoms associated with patients complaining of neck pain and many of these symptoms can be confused with other conditions.  Wouldn’t it be nice to know what neck related symptoms are most likely to respond to chiropractic manipulation before the treatment has started?  This issue has been investigated with very favorable results!

The ability to predict a favorable response to treatment has been termed, “clinical prediction rules” which in general, are usually made up of combinations of things the patient says and findings from exams. In a large study, data from about 20,000 patients receiving about 29,000 treatments, was collected and analyzed to find out what complaints responded well to chiropractic treatment.  The results showed that the presence of any 4 of these 7 presenting complaints predicted an immediate improvement in 70-95% of the patients: 1. Neck pain; 2. Shoulder, arm pain; 3. Reduced neck, shoulder, arm movement; 4. Stiffness; 5. Headache; 6. Upper, mid back pain, and 7. None or one presenting symptom.  Items not associated with a favorable immediate response included “numbness, tingling upper limbs,” and “fainting, dizziness and light-headedness in 4-12% of the patients.  The “take-home” message here is that was far more common to see a favorable response (70-95%) of the patients compared to an unfavorable response (4-12%), supporting the observation that most patients with neck complaints will respond favorably to chiropractic treatment.

So, what do we do as chiropractors when a patient presents with neck pain?  First, after gathering preliminary information such as name, address and insurance information, a history of the presenting complaint is taken. This consists of information including what started the neck complaint (if you know), when it started, what makes it worse, what makes it better, the quality of pain (aches, stiff, numb, etc.), the location and if there is radiating complaints, the severity (0-10 pain scale), timing (such as worse in the morning, evening, etc.), and if there have been prior episodes. Various questionnaires are included that are scored so improvement down the road can be tracked and a past history that includes a medication list, past injuries or illnesses, family history and a systems review are standard.  The exam includes vital signs (BP, pulse, height, weight, temperature and respiration), palpation, range of motion, orthopedic and neurological examination.  X-ray and/or other “special tests” may also be included, when needed. A review of all the findings are discussed and after permission to treat is granted, a chiropractic adjustment may then be rendered.  A list treatment options may include:

  1. Adjustments;
  2. Soft tissue therapy (trigger point stimulation, myofascial release);
  3. Physical therapy modalities;
  4. Posture correction exercises and other exercises/home self-administered therapies;
  5. Education about job modifications;
  6. Co-management with other health care providers if/when needed.

Can You Say Subliminal?

I love the scene in Star Wars when Obi Wan Kenobi ever so calmly tells the storm troopers that “These aren’t the droids you’re looking for” and uses his Jedi mind tricks to fool them.  I was online today and had to laugh when I found some real life attempts at Jedi mind tricks… On Web MD nonetheless!  Now let me preface this by saying that I know that sites like WebMD provide some very valuable information and have been great resources for public health, but in this instance I just couldn’t resist poking a little fun.

I saw a banner ad entitled “The 12 Questions You Should Ask Your Doctor About Low Back Pain”.  I was intrigued and wanted to see what they recommended.  After all, I am a Chiropractor and I get a lot of questions each day about low back pain.  I am not sure what I expected, but I guess I was a bit surprised at how thinly veiled the propaganda was.  Let’s see if you can detect a pattern in the following 12 questions that WebMD recommended patients ask their doctors.

  • Do you think I could have chronic low back pain?
  • Do you recommend a test, like a CT scan or MRI?
  • What treatment options do you suggest?
  • Is there a medication I can take for my chronic low back pain?
  • Are there activities I should avoid while on this medication?
  • What are the benefits of taking this medication?
  • What are the possible side effects? What should I do if they happen to me?
  • How often do I need to take my medication?
  • When will the medication start working? How will I know if it’s working?
  • How long will I need to take this medication? Will I be able to stop taking it eventually?
  • Should I take this medication with or without food?
  • Should I avoid certain things (e.g., other medications, alcohol) or particular foods while I’m taking this drug?

Now you may or may not be able to see a pattern here.  The bold italics were added to help you see this ever so subtle pattern.  I especially love the manipulative  line of questioning that they recommend for patients and how you are immediately led to their solution for back pain of “Medication”.  From then on the questioning is laser focused on pharmaceutical intervention, and they even go so far as to personalize the medication as “MY” medication, because hey,  it’s not just medication, it’s your medication!  The icing on the cake on this article was the Cymbalta add below the article.  Now in all fairness the article has a very small disclaimer at the top stating the editorial content on the page is from their sponsor, but still, I find it funny that this classical conditioning is acceptable to a trusted authority site such as WebMD.

I am so glad that Chiropractic helps people with chronic low back pain and that Chiropractic can really make a difference in peoples lives and that Chiropractic can really be beneficial for people suffering with a variety of  issues and that chiropractic helps prevent low back surgeries and chiropractic, chiropractic, chiropractic…I think I am starting to get the hang of this.

Check out the “12 Questions You Should Ask Your Doctor About Chronic Low Back Pain” here

The only problem with the article is that they fail to mention the closest pharmacy for you to pick up your prescription.


Studies on Anti-Depressants Make Me Depressed

For those who haven’t read much of my blog before you should understand that I am not completely anti-medicine, and what I am about to write about here is not some random anti-medical conspiracy rant, but rather a genuine expression of concern for the lack of scientific evidence to support many of the popular drugs that are being peddled to our nation.  Most of the prescription anti-depressant medications are not only lacking a genuine scientific evidence, but are more and more being shown to be ineffective and even dangerous.

Consider this quote from Dr. Marcia Angell “It is simply no longer possible to believe much of the clinical research that is published, or to rely on the judgment of trusted physicians or authoritative medical guidelines. I take no pleasure in this conclusion, which I reached slowly and reluctantly over my two decades as an editor of The New England Journal of Medicine” (Marcia Angell, “Drug Companies & Doctors: A story of corruption”, NYRB, Jan 15, 2009).  She shares some pretty sobering information in her book “The Truth About the Drug Companies”.

What is even more depressing is that there are so many different natural, conservative methods that have been shown (through scientific research), to be far more effective at treating depression than the “conventional” methods that are still being used.  Unfortunately, there isn’t nearly the same kind of money in exercise and nutrition as there is in making and patenting pills.  If you want a great book on exercise and depression check out the book “Spark:  The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain” .  In this book they discuss all the research behind exercise and the mechanisms behind the positive effects that exercise has on our brain.

So, if this has depressed you in any way, never fear, I have the cure:  get informed about the evidence (or lack thereof) behind the various antidepressant drugs that are being sold to the public and do something about.  Tell your friends, family members and loved ones, and ultimately become your own health advocate.  This is exactly why I started my new website www.DailyHealthMap.com Check it out and learn more about taking your health into your own hands!


Another Reason to Love Chocolate


I found this article on USA Today and thought I would share it. With all the propaganda we get from the pharmaceutical companies It’s nice to see some chocolate propaganda for a change! Check it out:

People who eat chocolate regularly may not only be feeding their sweet tooth, but lowering their risk for heart disease, a new study suggests.

Regular consumption may slash the risk of developing heart disease by a third, according to research published in the British Medical Journal.

Gianluca Colla, Bloomberg News

Regular consumption may slash the risk of developing heart disease by a third, according to research published in the British Medical Journal.

 

Regular consumption may slash the risk of developing heart disease by a third, according to research published in the British Medical Journal.
Chocolate has been linked to reducing the risk of heart disease before, but in this analysis of recent studies involving more than 100,000 people, researchers find that those who eat the most chocolate on a regular basis reduce their relative risk for heart disease by one-third.

“We found a potential link between chocolate consumption and prevention of heart disease,” said lead researcher Dr. Oscar H. Franco, from the department of public heath and primary care at the University of Cambridge in the UK.

“At this point we are in the early stages of research,” he added. There have not been any clinical trials to see if this association is real, Franco noted.

Chocolate might be beneficial but people should not consume it with the hope that it will reduce their risk of heart disease, Franco said. And if they do eat it, “because of the fat and sugar content, it should be consumed in moderation.”

“If you are already eating chocolate, do it in moderation; if you are not eating chocolate, our advice is not to start eating chocolate,” Franco said.

The report was published in the Aug. 29 online edition of the BMJ, to coincide with the presentation of the findings at the European Society of Cardiology Congress in Paris. The study did not receive funding from chocolate manufacturers.

For the study, Franco’s team did a meta-analysis, which is a type of study where researchers comb the medical literature to find trends in relevant published studies.

In this case, the researchers identified seven studies that, combined, included 114,009 people.

When Franco’s group pooled the data from these studies, they found that people who ate the most chocolate could reduce their risk of heart disease by as much as 37 percent, their risk of diabetes by 31 percent and their risk of stroke by 29 percent, compared with those who ate the least chocolate. Chocolate had no effect on heart failure risk, however.

It is not clear how much chocolate confers health benefits, Franco said. There was no way of telling how much chocolate was eaten by those who consumed the most of it, he explained. However, having chocolate regularly seemed to be important, he said.

These studies compared people who consumed chocolate more than once a week with those who ate it less often, Franco said.

“We still need to clarify the quantity that permits chocolate to prevent heart disease,” he said. “Given the amount of sugar and calories in chocolate, we don’t think it’s going to be a high quantity.”

In addition, since the chocolate eaten in these studies could have been dark, milk or even white chocolate, knowing which type is most beneficial is a question — although Franco suspects dark chocolate will turn out to be the preferred type. “This is something we need to confirm,” he said.

The study included consumption of chocolate bars, drinks, biscuits and desserts.

Dr. Gregg C. Fonarow, a professor of cardiology at the University of California, Los Angeles, commented that “despite chocolates indulgent reputation, there is growing evidence that cocoa products which contain high levels of flavonoids may have a variety of actions which are potentially beneficial for cardiovascular and metabolic health.”

Several recent studies have suggested the flavonoids found in cocoa products have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-clotting effects and may also relax blood vessels, Fonarow said. He added that they may also improve insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk for diabetes.

However, the studies reviewed in this report were observational — that is, they looked at data based on what people ate. Clinical trials, where chocolate is pitted against a placebo, are needed to see if the effect of chocolate is real, Fonarow said.

“Moderate consumption of dark chocolate may be a reasonable consideration as part of a heart health diet,” he said. “However, as there is a complex interplay between nutrition and health, further studies are needed.”

Nutrition expert Samantha Heller, a dietitian, nutritionist, exercise physiologist and clinical nutrition coordinator at the Center for Cancer Care at Griffin Hospital in Derby, Conn., added that “the cocoa bean contains healthy plant compounds like flavanols, called polyphenols, that act as powerful antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. [They may] help keep arteries healthy and may help lower blood pressure and cholesterol.

“But, and this is a big ‘but,’ people should not use this study as an excuse to chow down on candy bars, chocolate ice cream and chocolate cookies. This will pack on pounds and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease,” Heller cautioned.

Fruits, vegetables and legumes also contain high amounts of polyphenols, along with fiber, vitamins, and minerals, Heller said. “So, enjoy some dark chocolate periodically and watch your portion size, but get the bulk of your polyphenols from fruits and vegetables.”


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